Development of a New Method of Storage and Maximum Separation of Chlorophils From Chlorophylcontaining Vegetables at Reception of Healthfull Nanoproducts

The aim of the work is the development of a new way of deep processing of chlorophyll-containing vegetables that gives a possibility not only to preserve chlorophylls a and b and other biologically active substances (BAS) of raw materials, but also to transform hidden bound (inactive) forms of chlorophyll in the free easy-digestible form at getting steam-thermally processed semi-products and healthy food products in the nanoform.For achieving the aim, the complex effect of steam-thermal processing and mechanolysis at fine-dyspersed comminution using the new equipment was applied as an innovation for thermal processing and comminution.There was developed the new method of getting healthy products of chlorophyll-containing vegetables (broccoli, spinach, Brussels cabbage, green leguminous haricot bean), steam-thermally processed (by hot steam) in the steam-convectional stove and fine-dyspersed with high contents of chlorophylls and other BAS and prebiotics. The method is based on the complex effect of processes of thermodestruction, mechanodestruction and non-enzymatic catalysis on raw materials at fine-dyspersed comminution. It was demonstrated, that at steam thermal processing of chlorophyll-containing vegetables (CCV) in the steam-convectomat during 5 minutes, there takes place not only preservation of chlorophylls a and b, but more full separation (in 1,33…1,4 times) from the hidden (bound) form, comparing with fresh vegetables. There was elucidated the mechanism of this process. The more full extraction of hidden forms of β-carotene (2 times more than in fresh CCV) takes place in parallel.The essentially more effect of transforming hidden forms was revealed at fine-dyspersed comminution of steam-thermally processed CCV. It was demonstrated, that thermally processed nanoproducts of CCV contain 2…2,1 more chlorophylls a and b, 2,0…3,3 times more carotenoids in the bound form than fresh vegetables.The quality of obtained new types of fine-dyspersated steam-thermally processed green products as puree and soups-purees of CCV exceeds one of known analogues by contents of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and other BAS, which are in nanosize easy-digestible form.Using new types of fine-dyspersated purees of CCV, there was developed the new green line of healthy nanoproducts: soups-purees, nanodrinks, nanosorbets, sauces-dressings, sauces-deeps, ice-cream, snacks and so on. It was demonstrated, that new products exceed existing analogues by BAS content (chlorophylls, β-carotene, L-ascorbic acid, phenol compounds)

НАДЕЖНОСТЬ ТОРМОЗНЫХ СИСТЕМ АВТОБУСОВ СЕМЕЙСТВА МАЗ

All over the world safety of maintained vehicles has the major value. For motor vehicles of the Republic of Belarus this problem is also actual. Maintenance of high reliability of brake systems of cars in operation is one of ways of the decision of a problem of increase of traffic safety.The analysis of reliability of brake systems of buses MAZ is carried out following the results of the state maintenance service in 2010 and the analysis of premature returns from routes of movement of buses MAZ-103 and МАZ-104 one of the motor transportation enterprises of a city of Minsk. Principal causes of structural parameters modification of brake pneumatic system of buses, the brake mechanism and elements АBS are considered.Обеспечение безопасности эксплуатируемых автотранспортных средств имеет важнoе значение во всем мире. Для автомобильного транспорта Республики Беларусь эта проблема является также актуальной. Обеспечение высокой надежности тормозных систем автомобилей в эксплуатации – один из путей решения проблемы повышения безопасности движения.Проводится анализ надежности тормозных систем автобусов МАЗ по итогам государственного технического осмотра в 2010 г. и анализ преждевременных возвратов с маршрутов движения автобусов МАЗ-103 и МАЗ-104 одного из автотранспортных предприятий города Минска. Рассматриваются основные причины изменения структурных параметров тормозной пневматической системы автобусов, тормозного механизма и элементов АBS

АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЙ ТРАНСПОРТ И ПРОБЛЕМА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДОРОЖНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ

Provision and improvement of safety in respect of operated automotive and transport facilities is of great significance all over the world. This problem is rather actual for automotive transport in the Republic of Belarus.An analysis of absolute and relative accident indices, operated automotive fleet, number of road traffic accidents caused by technical failure has been carried out on the basis of the results pertaining to operation of transport facilities in the Republic in 2011. The paper considers a role of technical state of road transport vehicles as a reason of transport accidentsОбеспечение и повышение безопасности эксплуатируемых автотранспортных средств имеют важнейшее значение во всем мире. Для автомобильного транспорта Республики Беларусь эта проблема является также актуальной.По результатам эксплуатации транспортных средств республики за 2011 г. проводится анализ абсолютных и относительных показателей аварийности, эксплуатируемого парка транспортных средств, совершенных ДТП, в которых техническая неисправность является причиной их совершения. Рассматривается роль технического состояния подвижного состава как причины аварийности на транспорте

Radiation temperature measurements in laser-heated hohlraums

Two x-ray spectrographs have been used on the Trident laser at LANL to monitor the radiation temperature of small Au hohlraums. The cylindrical targets are smaller than 1 mm. The x radiation produced by {approximately} 400 J of 0.53-{micro}m laser light is detected with a 7-channel VNIIEF soft-x-ray spectrometer. Each channel employs a multi-layer mirror and a filter to limit the channel bandwidth to 1--3% of the channel energy. X rays are detected with calibrated Al x-ray diodes. A second spectrometer is based on a free-standing Au transmission grating for spectral dispersion and a multi-channel diamond photo-conductive device detector. The small hohlraum results are consistent with radiation temperatures exceeding 100 eV. Simple computer modeling shows that late in the plasma discharge, radiation of this temperature is emitted from the target

НОРМИРОВАНИЕ ТОРМОЗНЫХ СВОЙСТВ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ ПРИ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

Safety provision for the operated auto-transport facilities is of great significance all over the world. The problem is also considered as an actual one for the automotive transport of theRepublicofBelarus. Provision of higher brake system reliability for the operated vehicles is one of the directions to solve the problem pertaining to improve traffic safety.The paper contains an analysis of basic national standard documents which regulate brake characteristics for the operated vehicles, evaluates checking methods of braking efficiency and vehicle stability at the moment of braking, considers some problems pertaining to methods used for checking and estimation of braking control systems of transport facilities. Обеспечение безопасности эксплуатируемых автотранспортных средств имеет важное значение во всем мире. Для автомобильного транспорта Республики Беларусь эта проблема является также актуальной. Обеспечение высокой надежности тормозных систем автомобилей в эксплуатации является одним из путей решения проблемы повышения безопасности движения.Проводится анализ основных отечественных нормативных документов, которыми регламентируются тормозные свойств автомобилей в эксплуатации, оцениваются методы проверки эффективности торможения и устойчивости транспортных средств при торможении, рассматриваются проблемные вопросы методов проверки и оценки тормозного управления транспортных средств

ДИСТАНЦІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ В СИСТЕМІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ (ПЕРШИЙ ДОСВІД КАФЕДРИ НОРМАЛЬНОЇ ФІЗІОЛОГІЇ ЗДМУ)

The aim of the work – to investigate the feasibility of massive open online courses introducing into the higher medical education system.The main body. The issue of higher education institutions of Ukraine transition from traditional distance learning to massive electronic education on the basis of the online open courses is considered, its relevance is proved. Analysis of the major prerequisites for transition success is carried out (a demand for the educational Internet resources from mobile devices; existence of a large number of various electronic resources which are successfully used in practice by higher education institutions in remote educational technologies; maintaining experience for electronic magazines of students’ progress for planning and estimation of training results; essential growth of material costs in the world online training market). Key issues of transition are defined and the basic principles of electronic online courses development are formulated a technique for electronic online course development aimed as the result is given. The technique contains the following four stages: planning of expected training results, course electronic content structuring and training scenarios creation, development of the tests plan and electronic estimated means for automatic control of the planned training results, course realization by means of game mechanics and technologies of network communication between students. Requirements to various forms of control planned in the course of learning results are defined. Finally, the actual tasks of mass open education development in the leading higher education institutions of Ukraine are set forth.Conclusions. The introduction of massive open online courses allows:1) diversifying the methods of presentation of information, namely the use of text, graphic, illustrated and video materials, which allows the teacher to increase the level of information accessibility to students’ perceptions;2) simplifying the process of control of the final level of knowledge through the system of test control Ratos;3) carrying out differentiation and individualization of training, to provide the choice of an individual trajectory of training;4) providing free access to a large number of visual and teaching materials, which contributes to raising the level of interest in the subject and level of knowledge in general;5) using of modern means of communication between teachers and students allows to diversify forms of education.Мета роботи – дослідження доцільності впровадження масових відкритих онлайн-курсів у систему вищої медичної освіти.Основна частина. У даній статті поставлена проблема переходу вузів України від традиційного дистанційного навчання до масового електронного навчання на основі відкритих онлайн-курсів, обґрунтована її актуальність. Проведено аналіз найважливіших передумов для успішного переходу на даний вид навчання (затребуваність освітніх інтернет-ресурсів, які використовуються з мобільних пристроїв; наявність великої кількості різних електронних ресурсів, які успішно використовуються вузами на практиці в дистанційних освітніх технологіях; наявність досвіду ведення електронних журналів успішності студентів для планування й оцінювання результатів навчання). Визначені ключові завдання переходу до розробки онлайн-курсів.Висновки. Впровадження масових відкритих онлайн-курсів дозволяє:1) урізноманітнити методи подання інформації, а саме використання текстових, графічних, ілюстрованих та відеоматеріалів, що дозволяє викладачеві підвищити рівень доступності інформації до сприйняття студентами;2) спростити процес контролю кінцевого рівня знань за допомогою системи тестового контролю Ратос;3) здійснити диференціацію та індивідуалізацію навчання, забезпечити вибір індивідуальної траєкторії навчання;4) надати вільний доступ до значної кількості наочних та дидактичних матеріалів, що сприяє підвищенню рівня зацікавленості предметом і рівня знань взагалі;5) використання сучасних засобів комунікації між викладачами та студентами дозволяє урізноманітнити форми навчання

Aboriginal-mainstream partnerships: Exploring the challenges and enhancers of a collaborative service arrangement for Aboriginal clients with substance use issues

Background: Partnerships between different health services are integral to addressing the complex health needs of vulnerable populations. In Australia, partnerships between Aboriginal community controlled and mainstream services can extend health care options and improve the cultural safety of services. However, although government funding supports such collaborations, many factors can cause these arrangements to be tenuous, impacting the quality of health care received. Research was undertaken to explore the challenges and enhancers of a government initiated service partnership between an Aboriginal Community Controlled alcohol and drug service and three mainstream alcohol rehabilitation and support services. Methods. Sixteen staff including senior managers (n=5), clinical team leaders (n=5) and counsellors (n=6) from the four services were purposively recruited and interviewed. Interviews were semi-structured and explored staff experience of the partnership including the client intake and referral process, shared client care, inter-service communication and ways of working. Results & discussion. Communication issues, partner unfamiliarity, 'mainstreaming' of Aboriginal funding, divergent views regarding staff competencies, client referral issues, staff turnover and different ways of working emerged as issues, emphasizing the challenges of working with a population with complex issues in a persistent climate of limited resourcing. Factors enhancing the partnership included adding a richness and diversity to treatment possibilities and opportunities to explore different, more culturally appropriate ways of working. Conclusion: While the literature strongly advises partnerships be suitably mature before commencing service delivery, the reality of funding cycles may require partnerships become operational before relationships are adequately consolidated. Allowing sufficient time and funding for both the operation and relational aspects of a partnership is critical, with support for partners to regularly meet and workshop arrangements. Documentation that makes clear and embeds working arrangements between partners is important to ameliorate many of the issues that can arise. Given the historical undercurrents, flexible approaches are required to focus on strengths that contribute to progress, even if incremental, rather than on weaknesses which can undermine efforts. This research offers important lessons to assist other services collaborating in post-colonial settings to offer treatment pathways for vulnerable populations. © 2013 Taylor et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Листериозный менингоэнцефалит как оппортунистическое заболевание при ВИЧ-инфекции

Aim: To identify the signs and reasons why listeriosis can be classified as opportunistic infections in HIV infection, requiring timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent the development of a severe course of the disease and minimize the risks of death.  Materials and methods: 38 hospitalized patients with listeriosis meningitis/ meningoencephalitis were examined. All patients were hospitalized in the boxed departments of neuroinfections (the diagnosis of HIV infection was not known) with a directional diagnosis of meningitis of unclear etiology, where, according to the Meningitis program, a PCR examination for L. monocytogenes was included. The comparison group consisted of patients with other most common bacterial pyogenic meningitis (BPM) – meningococcal, pneumococcal and patients with listeriosis meningitis/meningoencephalitis without HIV infection.  Results: Studies have shown that patients with HIV infection accounted for the majority – 26% (out of 38 hospitalized). Men predominated among the patients – 60 %, the average age was 34.9 ± 2.2 years (29 – 41), which differs from the well–known age status, where the risk group is primarily male patients over 70 years of age.  Conclusion: Polymorphism of clinical manifestations of neuro listeriosis in some cases presents diagnostic difficulties for primary care physicians. CNS listeriosis in patients with HIV infection belongs to the category of opportunistic infections, which clinically and in the study of cerebrospinal fluid presents difficulties for early diagnosis, which directly affects the timing of the initiation of etiotropic therapy and the further outcome of the disease. Цель: выявить признаки и причины, по которым листериоз можно отнести в разряд оппортунистических инфекций при ВИЧ-инфекции, требующих своевременной диагностики и лечения для предотвращения развития тяжелого течения заболевания, и минимизировать риски летального исхода.  Материалы и методы. Обследовано 38 госпитализированных с установленным в стационаре листериозным менингитом/менингоэнцефалитом. Все больные госпитализировались в боксированные отделения нейроинфекций (о диагнозе ВИЧ-инфекция не было известно) с направительным диагнозом «Менингит неясной этиологии», где по программе «Менингиты» в ПЦР включено обследование на L. monocytogenes. Группу сравнения составили больные другими наиболее распространенными бактериальными гнойными менингитами – менингококковым, пневмококковым и больные листериозным менингитом/менингоэнцефалитом без ВИЧ-инфекции.  Результаты. Проведенные исследования показали, что больные ВИЧ-инфекцией составили большинство – 26% (из 38 госпитализированных). Среди больных преобладали мужчины – 60 %, средний возраст 34,9±2,2 лет (29–41), что отличается от общеизвестного возрастного статуса, где группой риска, прежде всего, являются пациенты старше 70 лет мужского пола.  Заключение. Полиморфизм клинических проявлений нейролистериоза в ряде случаев представляет диагностические трудности для врачей первичного звена. Листериоз центральной нервной системы у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией относится к категории оппортунистических инфекций, которая клинически и при исследовании спинномозговой жидкости представляет трудности для ранней диагностики, что напрямую влияет на сроки начала этиотропной терапии и дальнейшего исхода заболевания.

Menstrual health and hygiene among Indigenous Australian girls and women: barriers and opportunities

Health inequities inhibit global development and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. One gendered health area, Menstrual Health & Hygiene (MHH), has received increasing attention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries as a barrier to health, wellbeing, and gender equity. Recent anecdotal evidence in Australia highlights that MHH also present challenges to High Income Countries, particularly among underrepresented populations, such as Indigenous Australian peoples, people from low socio-economic backgrounds, or communities that are remotely located. In this article, we chart the emergence of attention to MHH in the Australian context and highlight key considerations for the conduct of research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples within the culturally- and gender-sensitive area of MHH. Further we draw on insights offered by a partnership between female Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders, NGO stakeholders, and non-Indigenous researchers. Through a convening (yarning circle) held in March 2018, the group identified multiple socioecological considerations for MHH research and practice, including: affordability and access to menstrual products, barriers to knowledge and culturally sensitive education, infrastructure and supply chain challenges, and the necessity of Indigenous-led research and community-driven data collection methods in addressing the sensitive topic. We draw together these insights to develop recommendations for future research, advocacy, and action in Australia